Fish & Shellfish pathology
Contens
"INFLUENCE OF ANISAKIS SPP. PARASITES FINDING ON THE QUALITY OF FISHES IN NORTH ADRIATIC SEA" (Dragan Petrovic, 1996)
SUMMARY
The Anisakis larva was found 30 years ago in some fish species in the Adriatic sea. The latest data reports growing incidence of Anisakis larva in marine fish. Today, it is no more sporadic, but regular finding in the marine fish on our markets.
The survey shows the results of examination of fresh fishes for Anisakis spp. in the north Adriatic sea. Examined material consisted of 413 fishes classified in 34 species. Anisakis larva was found in nine species (26,47%) and 79 samples (19,12%). The most invaded species were horse mackerel (100%) while the small blue fish delivered to the market was invaded in 56,6% casas. So far no case of human anisakiasis has been recorded in this country, probably because no raw or poorly salten fish are eaten.
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Anisakis spp.larvae in abdominal cavity of horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus)(Photo. D. Petrovic)
Results of exanimation of fresh fishes for Anisakis spp.in the north Adriatic sea
| Nr. |
Species
|
Scientific name
|
Nr of examined
|
Nr of invaded
|
| 1 | SEA BREAM | Pagellus erythrinus |
50
|
2
|
| 2 | STARGEZER | Uranoscopus scaber |
3
|
/
|
| 3 | BOGUE | Boops boops |
24
|
/
|
| 4 | GREY MULET | Chelon labrosus |
4
|
/
|
| 5 | TWO BANDED BREAM | Diplodus vulgaris |
5
|
/
|
| 6 | PICKAREL | Spicara smaris |
7
|
/
|
| 7 | PICKAREL | Spicara flexuosa |
5
|
/
|
| 8 | FROGFISH | Lophius budegassa |
2
|
/
|
| 9 | RAINBOW WRASSE | Coris julis |
48
|
/
|
| 10 | CROWNER | Trigla lyra |
6
|
/
|
| 11 | GILTHEAD SEABREAM | Sparus aurata |
6
|
/
|
| 12 | COMMON SOLE | Solea vulgaris |
2
|
/
|
| 13 | SHAD | Alosa fallax nilotica |
1
|
/
|
| 14 | SPAINISH MACKEREL | Scomber japonicus |
34
|
17
|
| 15 | TRUSH WRASSE | Symphodus tinca |
8
|
/
|
| 16 | MACKA BLJEDICA | Scyliorhinus canicula |
3
|
/
|
| 17 | HAKE | Merluccuis merluccius |
16
|
13
|
| 18 | MARMOR BRASSEN | Lithognatus mormyrus |
2
|
/
|
| 19 | ATLANTIC BONITO | Sarda sarda |
2
|
/
|
| 20 | SPINY DOGFISH | Squalus acantius |
2
|
/
|
| 21 | GREATER WEEVER | Trachinus draco |
6
|
1
|
| 22 | STARRY WEEVER | Trachinus radiatus |
1
|
1
|
| 23 | SHIPSHEAD BREAM | Diplodus puntazzo |
4
|
/
|
| 24 | PAINTED COMBER | Serranus scriba |
8
|
/
|
| 25 | MIRROR RAY | Raja miralerus |
2
|
/
|
| 26 | GOLD LINE | Sarpa sarpa |
7
|
/
|
| 27 | SARDINE | Sardina pilchardus |
36
|
16
|
| 28 | RED SCORPIONFISH | Scorpaena scrofa |
2
|
/
|
| 29 | SEA SCORPION | Scorpaena porcus |
4
|
/
|
| 30 | HORSE MACKEREL | Trachurus trachurus |
23
|
23
|
| 31 | MEDITERRANEAN HORSE MACKEREL | Trachurus meditterraneus |
12
|
4
|
| 32 | WHITE SEABREAM | Diplodus annularis |
7
|
/
|
| 33 | SADDLED BREAM | Oblada melanura |
26
|
2
|
| 34 | POOR COD | Trisopterus minutus capelanus |
45
|
/
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|
=
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413
|
79
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Results of examination of fresh fishes for Anisakis spp. classified according to fish species
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SPECIES |
Nr of examined |
Nr of invaded
|
%
|
|
1
|
Trachurus trachurus
|
23
|
23
|
100 %
|
|
2
|
Merluccuis merluccius
|
16
|
13
|
81 %
|
|
3
|
Scomber japonicus
|
34
|
17
|
50 %
|
|
4
|
Sardina pilchardus
|
36
|
16
|
44 %
|
|
5
|
Trachurus meditterraneus
|
12
|
4
|
33 %
|
|
6,7
|
Trachinus draco,T. radiatus
|
7
|
2
|
28 %
|
|
8
|
Oblada melanura
|
26
|
2
|
7 %
|
|
9
|
Pagellus erythrinus
|
50
|
2
|
4 %
|
Results of examination of fresh fishes for Anisakis spp.classified according to market fish category
|
Market fish category
|
Invaded
|
|
|
1
|
SMALL BLUE FISH (Sardina pilchardus, Scomber japonicus, Trachurus trachurus, Trachurus meditterraneus) |
56,6 %
|
|
2
|
LARGE BLUE FISH (Sarda sarda) |
/
|
|
3
|
WHITE FISH (Pagellus erythrinus,Chelon labrosus, Boops boops, Merluccuis merluccius,Diplodus puntazzo,Diplodus vulgaris, Spicara flexuosa, Spicara smaris, Sparus aurata, Lithognatus mormyrus, Oblada melanura, Diplodus annulari, Sarpa sarpa, Trisopterus minutus capelanus) |
8 %
|
|
4
|
MIXED SEA FISH (Uranoscopus scaber, Lophius budegassa, Trigla lyra, Coris julis,Symphodus tinca, Scyliorhinus canicula, Squalus acantius, Trachinus radiatus,Trachinus draco Raja miralerus, Scorpaena scrofa, Scorpaena porcus) |
2 %
|
Trial bath treatment by stressful condition induced disease of catfish (Amiurus nebulosus)
Foreword:
Handling, harvesting, sorting and transport of fishes in fish facilities often can cause traumatic injuries to fishes. Stressful conditions decrease immune response, and can reflect on fish health and lead to outbreak of diseases. For this trial clinicaly healthy catfishes were used which were delivered to the market after being harvested. Catfish (Amiurus nebulosus) have a sharp spine on the dorsal fin and during harvesting and handling they get injured. Some of the catfishes died from asfiction and four living catfishes were replaced in aquarium for observation. Considering that this trial was not performed as scientific research, only water temperature was measured and other parameters were not analized nor isolation and identification of pathogens.
Disease and treatment:
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(A)* 3. day - Hemorrhagic swelling ventral on head and skin(Photo. D.Petrovic)
In this trial isolation and identification of pathogens was not performed and clinical signs of disease suggested bacterial infection. Considering that the catfishes didn't show interrest and did not take any food I have performed long term bath treatment with SERA BAKTOPUR which contained: butylglycol 27 g, acriflavin 0,6990 g , metilen blue 0,0165 g. in 100 ml of water at the temperature of 18 °C.
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Conclusion
From this trial research we can conclude that the outbreak of the disease in observed catfishes is due to the exopsure to stressful conditions and traumatic injuries. Clinical signs of the disease suggest bacterial infection and long term bath treatment with butylglycol, acriflavin, metilen blue stoped development of the disease and cured all catfishes. Observation of fishes in aquarium is useful for treatment and testing of medication, development and duration of the disease. This survey is another evidence that fish handling has to be performed carefully avoiding posibilities for traumatic injuries by handling and equipment. Also aplication of medication in period when fishes are exposed to stressful conditions is justified.
Petrovic D., Petrinec Z., Berc A., Fijan N.
HEALTH STATUS OF OYSTERS ( Ostrea edulis L.) AT THE SOLINE BAY ON KRK ISLAND
Abstract
There were five attempts to establish commercial oyster production between 1938 and 1995 and all of them failed due to high mortality. The larges production was achieved in 1958, but in the next year the attempt was discontinued because of heavy losses and economic reasons. So far the causes of mortality have never been investigated. Since there is occesional mortality on long established production sites and since there are no data on diseases and parasites of oysters on the coast in Croatia , the first single sampling and examination of natural and reared oysters was carried out in June 1998 on this partially protected location.
146 oysters from three location were sampled. Fresh shells (dead oysters) were counted on sampled location. After measurement of the widest part of the shells and their opening the imprints were made from the tissue near the aductor and a tissue sample from this area was fixed in buffered 5 % formaldehyde. Imprints were stained by May-Grunwald-Giemsa method the cuts in parafin by hematoxylin-eosin.
124 dead oysters were found on sampling location (0,85 dead ones for each live oyster). Larval nematodes in imprints were significantly the most frequent finding. Their frequency and number grew somewhat with the depth of the host's location. Pathologically altered digestive gland was the second and intestinal parasites the third frequent finding. Few specimen had a heavy load of trematodes (Bucephalus sp.), basophilic inclusions in epithelial cells (Chlamydia, Rickettsiae). Single cases of haemocytic neoplasia, tissue hyperplasia and a Mytilicola intestinalis L. were found too. 10 oysters had two or more pathological alterations and parasites. Diseases listed in regulations (including OIE and EEC) were not found in the examined sample.
The findings indicate the need for a thorough multidisciplinary research on the bay, the wide spectrum of possibile causes of the enduring mortality of oysters and the fact that diseases not listed in the regulations can also cause high mortality.
Key words: chronic mortality, nematod larvae, Bucephalus sp, histopathology
Zbornik, VETERINARSKI DANI, Opatija, 2001.
Special interrest: pathology of fishes, crabs and shellfishes, aquaculture
Foreword
The importance of aquatic organism farming is growing every day and customers are especialy interrested in high quality species of fishes, crabs and shellfishes. Some species are obtained almost exclusively trough aquaculture (trout, mussels). Massively and sistematicaly harvesting from marine natural resources changes ecological balance and can not preserve market demand. Aquatic organism farming is important for food production and ecological balance. In many species culture tehniques are well known and there are many other quality species which have to be considered. That should be the autochthonous species which are best adopted to the natural conditions and with good production potential. Marine aquaculture tehnology is more complicated then freshwater aquaculture and fry shortage is the main bottleneck to the expansion of marine species culture. The neccesary tehnology for hathcing fertilized eggs and growing fragile larvae is very complicated. The larvae require a specific array of living food at different stages of their morfological development, as well as precise control of a number of environmental and nutritional parameters. Investigation and solving the tehnological problems, prevention and control of diseases are the main goal of aquaculture development.
SPACIAL INTERREST:
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MARINE
FISHES
CRABS
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SHELLFISHES
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Works and design D. Petrovic
e-mail: dragan.petrovic@zg.htnet.hr